What is the term for unlearned, unorganized, involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli?

Microorganisms aren’t all decomposers; in fact, many act as producers or primary consumers in an ecosystem. how do microorganisms that act as producers benefit the rest of an ecosystem in terms of energy transfer? what about microorganisms that act as primary consumers?

Use this dichotomous key for insect identification to identify the insect shown. 1. a. insect has one pair of wings. order diptera b. insect has two pairs of wings. go to #2 2. a. front wings thicker in texture than hind wings go to #3. b. front and hind wings are same texture throughout. go to #4 3. a. front wings are short order dermaptera b. front wings cover entire abdomen order coleoptera 4. a. wings with scale on all parts of their area. order lepidoptera b. wings without scales go to #5. 5. a. hind wings smaller than front wings. order ephemeroptera b. front and hind wings nearly equal in size. order odonata the insect pictured is in the order diptera. ephemeroptera. coleoptera. odonata.

In the united states there are strict fishing seasons and limits, but not all countries enforce similar laws. in bangladesh there are few if any fishing restrictions. what might be the reason for less restrictions in smaller countries like bangladesh? a) the united states is the only country worried about overfishing. b) the united states wants to limit the supply of fish to increase the price. c) bangladesh and smaller countries have an unlimited supply of fish in their coastal waters. d) small countries, such as bangladesh, are practicing subsistence fishing, taking only the fish needed to survive.