1. Answer;
Carbohydrates;
Explanation;
-Carbohydrates are among the four major macromolecules, namely; nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. They are considered to be the most abundant as they serve as the immediate sources of energy of living organisms.
Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, and as such, they are considered to be their building blocks. The three most common naturally occurring monosaccharides: glucose, fructose, and galactose. Â
2. Answer; Â
Globular proteins
Explanation;
-Globular proteins are spherical in shape and have the property of forming colloids with water. This means they are somewhat water-soluble (forming colloids in water), unlike the fibrous or membrane proteins.
-Globular proteins play many biological roles, including acting as enzymes, hormones, immunoglobulins, and transport molecules. Hemoglobin is a globular protein found in red blood cells.
3. Answer; Â
Fibrous proteins Â
Explanation;
-Fibrous proteins are proteins with an elongated shape. They provide structural support for cells and tissues. They form a rod or wire like shapes and are usually inert structural and storage proteins.
-They are generally water-insoluble. Fibrous proteins are usually used to construct connective tissues, tendons, bone and muscle fiber. Examples of fibrous proteins include keratins, collagens and elastin.
4. Answer;
-Globular proteins Â
Explanation; Â
-Globular proteins are spherical in shape and have the property of forming colloids with water. This means they are somewhat water-soluble (forming colloids in water), unlike the fibrous or membrane proteins.
-Globular proteins play many biological roles, including acting as enzymes, hormones, immunoglobulins, and transport molecules. Hemoglobin is a globular protein found in red blood cells.
5. Answer;
Nucleic acids Â
Explanation; Â
-All nucleic acids are made up of the same building blocks or monomers called nucleotides. Â Each nucleotide consists of a nitrogen-containing aromatic base attached to a pentose (five-carbon) sugar, which is in turn attached to a phosphate group.
-The nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), are the molecules responsible for carrying the genetic information of a cell.
6. Answer;
-Lipids Â
Explanation; Â
-Lipids are hydrophobic or amphiphilic small molecules that include sterols, waxes, fatty acids and phospholipids, and are insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvent.
-Lipids are important constituent of the diet because they are a source of high energy value. Lipids are also important because of the fat-soluble vitamins. They serve as a very good source of energy, it is stored in adipose tissues. They also act as insulating material in the subcutaneous tissues and are also seen around certain organs.
7. Answer;
Amino acids Â
Explanation; Â
-Hydrolysis reaction is used to break down polymers such as proteins, starch, etc. into monomers. Hydrolyzed protein is a protein that has been at least partially hydrolyzed or broken down into its component amino acids.
-Proteins are hydrolyzed to amino acids in the stomach and gut with enzymes called proteases. Proteins are made of amino acids, thus, when they are hydrolysed, amino acids are produced.
8. Answer;
Nucleic acids;
Explanation; Â
-Nucleic acids are the biopolymers, or small biomolecules, essential to all known forms of life. They include; DNA, RNA, and ATP, etc. Â
-All nucleic acids are made up of the same building blocks or monomers called nucleotides. Â Each nucleotide consists of a nitrogen-containing aromatic base attached to a pentose (five-carbon) sugar, which is in turn attached to a phosphate group.
-The nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), are the molecules responsible for carrying the genetic information of a cell.
