The post-marketing surveillance phase of drug development a. depends solely on the reports of prescribers of the drug. b. reports previously discovered toxic reactions. c. reports only short-term toxicity test results. d. includes surveys and reports of adverse reactions as well as consumer watchdog information.

D. includes surveys and reports of adverse reactions as well as consumer watchdog information.

Explanation:

The post-marketing surveillance phase of drug development includes adverse reaction research and reporting, as well as consumer surveillance information. These reports and surveys are conducted to confirm that the results obtained in previous phases are applicable to a large part of the population with the disease. This phase occurs after drug approval, when it is already marketed. These are post-marketing surveillance studies to establish therapeutic value, the emergence of new long-term adverse reactions or confirmation of known reactions and treatment strategies.

c.) polymerase chain reaction

- "unlike the original dna fingerprinting method, dna profiling does not use restriction enzymes to cut the dna. instead it uses the polymerase chain reaction (pcr)? to produce many copies of specific str sequences. pcr is an automated procedure that generates lots of copies of a specific sequence of dna."

the dark variety, as they are not visible on the dark tree barks

explanation: