The statrum is a single layer of columnar or high cuboidal cells resting on a basement membrane. the stratum is composed of many layers of keratinocytes that are firmly attached to each other by desmosomes. this layer also contains dendritic cells. the stratum is composed of 3-5 layers of flattened keratinocytes containing dark staining keratohyalin granules. the stratum is a translucent layer composed of 3-5 layers of keratinocytes without nuclei or organelles. the stratum is composed of up to 30 layers of cornified, dead cells.

1. Answer;

Stratum basale.

The statrum basale is a single layer of columnar or high cuboidal cells resting on a basement membrane.

Explanation;

Stratum basale is the deepest layer of the epidermis in the skin.

It is a single layer of columnar or high cuboidal cells resting on basement membrane

-Keratinocyte is predominant cell in this layer of the epidermis

It also contains melanocytes, Merkel cells (touch receptors), and stem cells.

The Keratinocytes undergo mitosis, producing stem cells and cells that migrate into stratum spinosum.

2. Answer;

Stratum spinosum

The stratum spinosum composed of many layers of keratinocytes that are firmly attached to each other by desmosomes. this layer also contains dendritic cells.

Explanation;

Stratum spinosum is a layer of the epidermis that is between the stratum basale and stratum granulosum.

It Helps maintain physical strength of epidermis and also helps maintain barrier to infectious agents and harmful substances.

3. Answer;

Stratum granulosum

The stratum granulosum is composed of 3-5 layers of flattened keratinocytes containing dark staining keratohyalin granules.

Explanation;

Stratum granulosum contains three to five layers of flattened keratinocytes

It has keratinocytes that contain dark staining keratohyalin granules (precursor of keratin) .

The nuclei of keratinocytes in various stages of degeneration.

Cells in this layer undergo keratinization; the process by which the nucleus shrivels up, cell dies, and cell fills up with the protein keratin.

The layer function to protect the deeper layer of the skin.

4. Answer;

Stratum lucidum

The stratum lucidum is a translucent layer composed of 3-5 layers of keratinocytes without nuclei or organelles.

Explanation;

It is a thin, clear layer of dead skin cells in the epidermis named for its translucent appearance under a microscope.

It constitutes the outer epidermal layer and comprises of dead skin cells.

It is responsible for the capability of the skin to stretch and also contains a protein that is responsible for the degeneration of skin cells.

5. Answer;

Stratum corneum

The stratum corneum is composed of up to 30 layers of cornified, dead cells.

Explanation;

It is the outermost layer of epidermis in the skin.

It is the skin barrier and acts as our first line of defense against the external environment.

It is a compact layer of cells and lipids that has two critical functions which includes; protecting the bodies from bacteria, UV damage and other assaults; and also preventing natural moisture from escaping, to keep skin hydrated.

cells use diffusion to get substances in and out of themselves. that diffusion will occur across the cell membrane or the outer covering of the cell. because we are talking about the surface of the cell, surface area and volume are  important factors here. as a cell increases in size, its surface area and volume increase as well.  we call that the surface area to volume ratio (sa: vol).  but the catch is that  volume increases at a greater rate than surface  area. in other words, as a cell gets bigger, the sa: vol gets smaller. so a really small cell like bacteria is mostly cell membrane (surface) with very little contents (volume). a really big cell like an egg, is mostly insides with a super thin membrane. so what ends up happening is that the cell cannot efficiently diffuse all of the stuff it needs in/out to survive. therefore cell size is limited to about 100mm. so how do we make organisms bigger than 100mm? cells divide! by dividing and becoming multicellular, organisms are able to grow!   check out the diagrams i attached to see the effect of sa: vol. i hope this ! good luck!