Explain the connection between transportation and the environmental impacts of urban areas. include one way that urban areas and urban sprawl lead to pollution from transportation and one way that urban areas can use transportation systems to encourage smart growth.

Smart growth has generated considerable controversy because stakeholders affected by urban planning policies have conflicting interests and divergent moral and political viewpoints. In some of these situations, deliberative democracy—an approach to resolving controversial public-policy questions that emphasizes open, deliberative debate among the affected parties as an alternative to voting—would be a fair and effective way to resolve urban-planning issues.

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