Some species of hummingbirds have different shapes of beaks that evolved to allow them to drink from certain flowers. the flower species have evolved to produce nectar that is tasty for the hummingbirds. this example is a type of (coevolution, convergent evolution, adaptive radiation). cuckoos lay eggs in the nests of other birds. the cuckoo lays eggs identical to the eggs of the host species, so the other bird takes care of it. this is an example of (mutualism, parasitism, adaptive radiation).

1. Coevolution, 2. Parasitism

Explanation:

1. Coevolution is the process by which two or more species evolve simultaneously by exerting selection pressure on each other. This evolution can be seen among organisms of distinct species which lives in close proximity. This can be seen among predators and prey, parasites their hosts and mutualistic relationships . The given situation is an example of coevolution. The humingbirds and flower species evolve simultaneously so as to meet the demands of the mutualistic relationship.

2. Parasitism is a phenomena in which one organism is dependent upon other organism for food, shelter and other needs. In this relationship the parasite only receives the benefit but the host gets harm.

Cuckoos are brood parasites which meets they produce eggs which mimic the eggs of the host bird in shape, color, and size. This make the host unaware of the fact that it is rearing the young ones of the other bird too.  

carbon

explanation:

an individual’s sex (i.e., whether they are a male or female) is determined by the sex chromosomes. most people have two sex chromosomes, one that is inherited from their mother and one that is inherited from their father. typically, females have two x chromosomes (xx) and males have one x chromosome and one y chromosome (xy). conditions caused by changes (“mutations”) in genes located on the x chromosome are considered x-linked.

x-linked recessive inheritance

most x-linked conditions are recessive. this means that in a person with two x chromosomes (most females), both copies of a gene (i.e., one on each x chromosome) must have a change or mutation whereas in a person with one x chromosome (most males), only one copy of a gene must have a mutation. a female with a mutation in one copy of a gene on the x chromosome is said to be a “carrier” for an x-linked condition. a male with a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome is typically affected with the condition. because females have two copies of the x chromosome and males have only one x chromosome, x-linked recessive diseases are more common among males than females. however, x-linked recessive diseases can occur in both males and females.

for x-linked recessive disorders, an unaffected carrier mother who has a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome can transmit either the x chromosome with this mutation or a “normal” x chromosome to her children. if the father is unaffected, none of her daughters will be affected and all of her daughters will be unaffected—since they will inherit at least one normal x chromosome from their father. however, each daughter will have a 50% chance of being an unaffected carrier like her mother and a 50% chance of both x chromosomes being normal.