Treatment bacterial cultures (#/plate) warm water 24 hand sanitizer 28 soap a 12 soap b 13 in a recent experiment, anti-bacterial hand sanitizer was compared to hand soap. students washed their hands using the sanitizer or soap and warm water for two minutes; then they dried their hands with a paper towel. the standard of comparison was rubbing hands vigorously for 2 minutes in warm water, without any soap or sanitizer, and then drying with a paper towel. the sanitizer advertisement claimed to kill bacteria more effectively than any soap. after washing, hands were swabbed and then the swab applied to a culture plate and incubated. finally, the bacterial cultures were counted and recorded in the data table. students concluded that the hand sanitizer was most effective in killing bacteria. how would you respond to the students' conclusion?

"1. it should be, it has been for about 20 years, and it's really not much different in the end than breeding animals to have particular traits. there are always concerns about genetically engineered animals/plants affecting the environment in unexpected negative ways, but i can't think of an example where the fears didn't turn out to be baseless.  

first, as you point out, it would be a great advance in pharmacology, to be able to tailor drugs and their doses to me. the pros involve better medical treatment. the cons involve privacy issues like insurance companies denying coverage to people with genetic risk factors. looking at dna markers wouldn't affect the frequency of genetic diseases, but it would allow detection of them earlier. and ok, actually i suppose that if people used this information to avoid having children with genetic diseases, some might decrease in frequency."

frogs. the lower the ph the higher the acid content. frogs have the highest tolerance in this scenario.