Billions of years ago, how did earth come to have an oxygen-rich atmosphere ?

But roughly 2.45 billion years ago, the isotopic ratio of sulfur transformed, indicating that for the first time oxygen was becoming a significant component of Earth's atmosphere, according to a 2000 paper in Science. At roughly the same time (and for eons thereafter), oxidized iron began to appear in ancient soils and bands of iron were deposited on the seafloor, a product of reactions with oxygen in the seawater."What it looks like is that oxygen was first produced somewhere around 2.7 billion to 2.8 billon years ago."It looks as if there's a significant time interval between the appearance of oxygen-producing organisms and the actual oxygenation of the atmosphere."

It should be cryosphere and hydrosphere