Explain each of the following terms and their role in protein transcription translation mrna trna ribosome amino acids codons

Transcription - is the reading and conversion of DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA) by the RNA polymerase. This is the first step in protein synthesis.

mRNA - this is made from reading of the DNA by the RNA polymerase. It carries the instructions for the protein to be made

Codons - on the mRNA, every 3 basepairs is called a codon. The first codon is almost always ATG (and codes for methionine). This is the start signal for the polypeptide (protein) to be made

Ribosome - this structure reads the message on the mRNA. It reads each of the codons in turn (starting with the ATG). This is where the charged tRNAs (transfer RNA) brings the amino acids to build the protein.

Translation - this is where the nucleotide sequence (ATGC) is changed into the amino acid sequence. This happens in the ribosome...which (as above) reads the codons and inserts the correct amino acid. It's like reading something in english and changing it to french - just here it is nucleotides into amino acids. You have to translate the mRNA message into the amino acid sequence to get a protein.

tRNA - transfer RNA...these pick up their specific amino acid (there are 20 different types of tRNA and each is specific for their amino acid) and bring them to the ribosome where they are added onto the growing polypeptide (protein) chain.

Amino acids - these are the building blocks or monomers of the polypeptide (protein) - there are 20 of them that make up all the proteins just in various orders and amounts.