the chart below shows the codons that make up the genetic code and the sequence of nucleotides that corresponds to them. a mistake during dna replication leads to a mutation in the nucleotide sequence shown below. what kind of mutation will result from the mistake made during dna replication in the nucleotide sequence above? a. a nonsense mutation b. a chromosomal mutation c. a frame shift mutation d. a silent mutation

The answer is C. A frame shift mutation.

Explanation: frameshift mutation (also called a framing error or a reading frame shift) is a genetic mutation caused by indels (insertions or deletions) of a number of nucleotides in a DNA sequence that is not divisible by three. Due to the triplet nature of gene expression by codons, the insertion or deletion can change the reading frame (the grouping of the codons), resulting in a completely different translation from the original. The earlier in the sequence the deletion or insertion occurs, the more altered the protein. A frameshift mutation is not the same as a single-nucleotide polymorphism in which a nucleotide is replaced, rather than inserted or deleted. A frameshift mutation will in general cause the reading of the codons after the mutation to code for different amino acids. The frameshift mutation will also alter the first stop codon ("UAA", "UGA" or "UAG") encountered in the sequence. The polypeptide being created could be abnormally short or abnormally long, and will most likely not be functional.

layer 3 is younger than layer 6.