What are daguerreotypes? name the photograph below and is photographer. why is its photographer significant?

A photographic technique taking its name from Louis-Jacques-Mande Daguerre. It used a silver or silver coated copper plate to register an image in a camera obscura. 

The daguerreotype was a unique image, not capable of making multiple copies. The plates were eventually standardized in terms of size. (See sizes) However, early daguerrotypists sometimes had cameras made of different sizes, not all plates were conformed to the standard. The imaging was fragile and would fade when exposed to light.

It was a direct positive process. 

Daguerre's View of the Boulevard du Temple ca. 1839
- First photograph shown in public, and the first photograph showing a person in it

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