1. I
believe the correct answer is Umberto Boccioni.
Umberto
Boccioni was an influential Italian painter and sculptor whose painting style
incorporated cubism, simulated motion, and fragmented lines and shapes movement
and speed. Apart from his knowledge of classics through studying the
Impressionism, Boccioni was influenced by cubism and futurism of Giacomo Balla.
Boccioni once said to a friend that he wanted to capture movement and shapes: "I
attempted a great synthesis of labor, light and movement".
2. I
believe the correct answer is Umberto Boccioni.
“The Futurist Painting: Technical Manifesto” was the
first theoretical underpinning of Italian Futurist painting. The Manifesto was
written by Umberto Boccioni and signed by Carlo Carrà, Luigi Russolo, Giacomo
Balla and Gino Severini. The first publication was as a leaflet in Poesia, in
Milan, 11 April 1910.
3. I
believe the correct answer is politics.
Italian Futurists were fascinated with
politics and they viewed their movement as a protest towards some social, governmental
or political issues (as many of Avant-Garde movements did). This movement represented
the victory over nature by depiction of speed, youth and technology.
4. I
believe the correct answer is action.
Boccioni was an Italian painter and a
sculptor whose style simulated motion, and fragmented lines and shapes movement
and speed. He was interested construction of the movement, action of the body,
and not the construction of the body itself. Therefore, the dynamics of a human
body were his main focus and his vision of art changed many artists' visions
towards shape and form.
5. I believe the correct answer is authoritarian
politics.
The work of the Futurists was a manifestation of
authoritarian politics as they favoring or enforcing strict obedience to
authority at the expense of personal freedom. The manifestation of their authoritarian
politics was primary presented with “The Manifest of Futurism” written by the Filippo
Tommaso Marinetti, which contained artistic philosophy of Futurism, the main characteristics,
and assertions that Italy must be immediately modernized in cultural and
technical ways. This was later followed by “The Futurist Painting: Technical
Manifesto”, a manifest written by Umberto Boccioni.
6. I
believe the correct answer is the past.
Filipo Tommaso Marinetti, who is considered for the founder
of Futurism due to his manifest, hated the past. Marinetti’s “The Manifest of Futurism”
was devoted to the main principles and functions of Futurism which claimed that
Futurism is a rejection of the past, meaning that the new steps into the future
must be developed through technological progress.
7. I
believe the correct answer is movement and speed.
One of their major themes of Futurism was movement
and speed which are associated with technological progress that will get rid of
all the vestiges of the past (as it is stated in the manifest). Speed and
movement were depicted and followed by all art categories in Futuristic
movement: painting, sculpture, graphic design, filmmaking, fashion and
literature.
8. I
believe the correct answer is suprematist movement.
The painting “White on White” was the pinnacle of
the suprematist movement, which was focused on basic geometric forms, such as
circles, squares, lines, and rectangles, painted in a limited range of colors.
This painting was painted by Russian painter Kazimir Malevich who was also the
founder of the term of suprematism and of its movement.
9. I
believe the correct answer is black.
Kasimir Malevich’s famous 1915 painting of a square
was the black color. The painting “Black Square” is considered to be the iconic
work of Russian painter Kasimir Malevich, as it meant to evoke the experience
of pure non-objectivity in the white emptiness of a liberated nothing.
10. I
believe the correct answer is religious experience.
Kasimir Malevich believed his colored shapes could
convey the awe of religious experience, as he once stated: "Art no longer
cares to serve the state and religion, it no longer wishes to illustrate the
history of manners, it wants to have nothing further to do with the object, as
such, and believes that it can exist, in and for itself, without
"things"”.
11. I
believe the correct answer is war.
Russian painter Kasimir Malevich said that the war
was not important in art. He thought that art is the complete opposite of the
war, as the art can only affect people in good ways, and that war affects
people in bad ways.
12. I
believe the correct answer is object.
Kasimir Malevich believed that the only thing that
mattered was object feeling. The object feeling is a term in suprematism that
refers to an abstract art that is meant to reflect "the supremacy of pure
artistic feeling". Malevich believed that people could get the object
feeling when they look at the works of suprematism because they could perceive
concrete figures which are already familiar to them.
