Of the three greek orders, is the oldest and most stable, featured elegant columns with capitals of spiraled volutes atop the echinus, and is known for its decorative capitals and fluted sides. a. (1) doric; (2) ionic; (3) corinthian b. (1) ionic; (2) corinthian; (3) doric c. (1) doric; (2) corinthian; (3) doric d. (1) corinthian; (2) doric; (3) ionic

Of the three Greek orders, doric  is the oldest and most stable, ionics featured elegant columns with capitals of spiraled volutes atop the echinus, and corinthian is known for its decorative capitals and fluted sides.

Explanation:

The Greeks built stadiums for sports competitions, theaters to represent comedies or tragedies, and temples designed to worship their gods. In the construction of the temples three systems or orders were used: the Ionic, the Doric and the Corinthian.

Ionic order

It makes an impression of elegance and at the same time fragility and decorative richness. The most characteristic building is on the island of Ephesus, more specifically in the temple dedicated to the goddess Artemis. It should be noted that the Ionic order is later than the Doric, since it appeared in the 6th century A.C.

The column of this order has a base that rests on one kind of step, the stylobate. On this base stands the shaft, which has a circular shape and is usually wider at the bottom than at the top. The shaft has a series of flutes that are separated by ribs.

The capital is formed by two rounded volutes and above them is the abacus. Obviously, the entire structure of the column serves to maintain the weight of the temple's horn and fronton.

Doric Order

It is the oldest of the three and its origins date back to the 7th century A.C. Its denomination refers to the Dorian people, who were the first to incorporate this architectural style. It is characterized by its sobriety and simplicity, as well as the idea of ​​harmony.

The characteristic element of the Doric temple is the column. This is made up of three structures: a base, a shaft and a capital. In a stricter sense, the base is nonexistent, since the shaft rests directly on the last step leading to the temple precinct (this step is known by the term stylobate, which in turn supports the lower or stereobate steps).

The shaft of the spine is circular and has concave shaped grooves, on the other hand, its size decreases progressively from the bottom to the top.

The Doric capital has three parts:

Corinthian Order

This classic order is one of the most used and stands out for the beauty of its capital. Its origin dates back to the 5th century A.C., in the middle of the classical period, like other orders, its main feature is found in the column.

The column stands out for its decoration, since shapes similar to the two rows of acanthus leaves that overlap at the bottom and a curved abacus at the top are used. The shaft of the spine is thinner than in the Ionic order and has angulated flutes.

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