in both tempera and oil painting, the surface of the wood or canvas is covered with a ground of powdered chalk or plaster and animal glue known as what?

this musical excerpt is an example of piano volume. (true) !

including the octave, the answer would 8 notes in a major scale with one note being played twice. ex) c major scale includes: c, d, e, f, g, a, b, c

notice that c is played twice

however, if you were to ask me how many different notes are in a major scale- the answer would be 7.