What are the qualities of a painting without depth?

What is the main element that sets western art criticism apart apart from that of the rest of the world

The three-movement symphony of sorrowful songs features a different text for each movement. its second movement (below) concerns the plight of a young polish prisoner seeking the protection of the queen of heaven. who is the composer of this piece

So my science teacher said anything that makes noise can in a way make music, instruments make music, and mayonnaise makes sound. so i have a question, do not report. is mayonnaise a instrument?