What are two strategies that you can use to “fill the frame” of a photograph?

well seeing i am an artist and i actually did a self portrait; i will describe how i painted it.   i used acrylic on a stretch canvas about 4 feet wide by 6 feet tall. i painted myself smiling in a soft pink long dress, white tile floor sitting on a white couch with a table behind and a vase of gorgeous flowers.   i also had a round white hat with a soft pink ribbon through it laying on the floor and on the table behind me was a lit candle. i kept it simple but soft and romantic.

i'm not sure i completely understand your question, but i will do my best.

i think the answer you are looking for is sequence. (see below)

a repeated melodic fragment would be best defined as repetition, while repeated chords (different or the same) could be a chord progression. however, you then mentioned the chord and melodic fragment beginning on higher or lower pitches, in that case, the answer could be best defined as a sequence. the definition of a sequence is as follows: "the restatement of a motif or longer melodic (or harmonic) passage at a higher or lower pitch in the same voice."

let me know if this !