why is it that im awake because my friends wanted to me stay up and talk to them but they are sleeping right now

One of the researchers mentions that he is looking for "affiliation cues" in the video recordings of the experiment. how would you describe what these affiliation cues indicate?

If g(x) is the inverse of f(x) and (x) = 4x + 12, what is g(x)?

Which type of music most influenced the emergence of jazz in the postwar era?