What is a minor third up from G?

is E

Explanation:

A minor interval has one less half step than a major interval. A minor interval has one less semitone than a major interval. ... For example: since C to E is a major third (4 semitones), C to Eb is a minor third (3 semitones). E to G is also a minor third (since E to G# is a major third).

the answer is counterpoint.

counterpoint definition: "the art or technique of playing a melody or melodies in conjunction with another, according to fixed rules."

counterpoint is present in a lot of baroque music- such as bach (notably his wtc prelude and fugues) and scarlatti, but can also be found in music by mozart, beethoven. it can even be found in music as modern as john williams!