A martyr is a person who is a.
put to death or endures great suffering on behalf of their beliefs, principles, or a cause.
b.
killed for his/her faith, but is later recognized as a victim of injustice.
c.
that commissions a work of religious art in order to spread specific beliefs.
d.
suffers at the hand of an enemy, but is considered a saint among their people.

A.

Explanation:

A martyr is also someone who chooses to be put to death rather than renounce his or her religious beliefs, as the story of Saint Stephen tells. In the figurative sense, if you are a martyr to headaches, you suffer from them.

i'm not sure i completely understand your question, but i will do my best.

i think the answer you are looking for is sequence. (see below)

a repeated melodic fragment would be best defined as repetition, while repeated chords (different or the same) could be a chord progression. however, you then mentioned the chord and melodic fragment beginning on higher or lower pitches, in that case, the answer could be best defined as a sequence. the definition of a sequence is as follows: "the restatement of a motif or longer melodic (or harmonic) passage at a higher or lower pitch in the same voice."

let me know if this !