-how do photographs convey meaning? How do viewers contribute to constructing that meaning?

Explanation:

Photographs convey a tremendous sense of meaning. The difference in photograph techniques that you use to take different types of photographs can have a big contrast in what you're trying to portray through that image, whether that would be depending on the mood, emotion, or other characteristics.

For example, using the rule of thirds to take a photograph will bring up focus to the subject involved in the photo, whether that would be a person, an animal, etc. This technique can be used to create a natural and pleasing effect on the background and the subject.  

I won't be listing all of the techniques that photographers use. There are an endless amount of techniques that they use to show what they really are trying to convey, and is pleasing to the eye of the viewer at the same time.  

But, here is my point. Photography is used to convey various senses of emotion, and through using various photography techniques, it is not only pleasing to the eye but is also a work of art.

I hope this helped you in any way!

~Jinachi~

the answer is counterpoint.

counterpoint definition: "the art or technique of playing a melody or melodies in conjunction with another, according to fixed rules."

counterpoint is present in a lot of baroque music- such as bach (notably his wtc prelude and fugues) and scarlatti, but can also be found in music by mozart, beethoven. it can even be found in music as modern as john williams!