Gouache painting is a form of in which white pigment is added to create a duller effect and tinted feel.

The gregorian chant was a major cultural milestone in the middle ages. it was one of the first codified forms of music meant to be played as written, where previously it was difficult to mass-produce and disseminate any music. what's more, these chants were also some of the first examples of musical notation: the notes and bars of today's music sheets are a reflection of centuries of evolution beginning with these chants. it became official throughout the entirety of the catholic church, meaning that nearly all of europe followed this musical notation and styling.

Perspective is important because it enabled the 3 dimensional world to be translated into the 2d world of the picture plane. this had an immediate impact on the representation of reality in art and design. 

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