Which technique of creating emphasis is in primary use in this painting

Contrasting colors. You focus on the person with the umbrella because it's a black figure against a white background.

earliest

neumes above text

neumes

colored lines

neumes

4-line staff

f, c, or g clef

notes on 5-line staff with clef

mensuration (longas and breves)

time signature (perfect or half circle)

most recent

notes on 5-line staff

modern clefs

modern note values (whole, half, quarter, and so on)

modern time signature

italian words and abbreviations for dynamics and tempo

staccato, slurs, and so on

based on the images pictured above, the major difference between the two cathedrals: the cathedral of notre dame and the amiens cathedral, is that the cathedral of notre dame emphasizes the horizontal lines while the amiens cathedral emphasizes the vertical lines.