The word reform has a positive connotation, as an effort to make things better. yet many mid-nineteenth century americans viewed some "reforms," such as abolitionism and women's rights, as destructive to social order; and other "reforms," such as sabbatarianism and temperance, as threats to individual freedom. what was the apparent conflict among reform, social order, and liberty?

it would take 95 years for that supernova to be visible on earth, so the year would be about 2113. i hope i did my calculation right.

like many students at university, you may be unhappy about the results you attain in exams. you may feel that even with all you are doing there must be something more -- or different-- you could be doing to get better grades. we have all at some time or other heard of that student who only studies a couple of hours for final exams and scores a's every time. we stand in awe of those who seem to breeze through without undue effort and seem to need very little in the way of studying to nail an exam. the reasons for success, in what i think are the vast majority of cases, are less esoteric than many students think: successful students consistently apply a series of productive strategies with view to attaining clearly identified learning and grade goals throughout the academic term.