A person stands at the corner marked A of the square pictured in Exercise 7.4 and tosses a coin. If it lands heads up, the person moves one corner clockwise, to B. If the coin lands tails up, the person moves one corner counterclockwise, to D. This process is then re- peated until the person arrives back at A. Let y denote the number of coin tosses. What are possible values of y? Is y discrete or continuous?

Choose the description that best matches each word. write the correct letter in the blank. 1. ostinato a. large, extended composition for chorus and orchestra 2. atonality b. full orchestra 3. musicology c. festive, march-like opening to a play or “semi-opera” 4. concerto d. small group of solo instruments 5. minimalism e. music contrasting a full orchestra and solo instruments 6. art song f. music played under the action to influence the mood 7. strophic form g. a vocal song focusing on artistic expression 8. incidental h. each stanza of a poem is set to the same music 9. oratorio i. repeated musical pattern that provides unity to a piece 10. dissonance j. steady beat; simple harmonies; short, repetitive melody 11. concertino k. harsh, unstable sounding of pitches; harmonic tension 12. tutti l. all 12 tones of chromatic scale, no tonal center 13. entrada m. the historical and scientific study of music