Operant shaping is often used in training various animals to perform tricks with hand signals being used to indicate which trick that the animal is to perform and food treats then being used as reinforcers. Thus, the trainer’s hand signals are serving as

In dunker's candle experiment, subjects weren't able to find a solution to the candle problem because they could not see past the conventional use of the box. which obstacle to problem solving did the subjects experience? (2 points) functional fixation counterproductive heuristic confirmation bias overconfidence