Refer to the image. A manuscript page from a 14th-century book. People are burying victims of the Black Death.

A miniature from a 14th-century manuscript showing citizens burying victims of the Black Death

Which of the following best describes one long-term consequence of the Black Death for Europe?

Conflicts arose between European kingdoms and China as the epidemic took its toll.
The practice of serfdom was weakened after a series of peasant revolts.
The women of Western Europe suffered a loss of rights and responsibilities.
There was a drop in the pursuit of scientific and technological advances for centuries.