According to dependency theories, why is colonialism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries important for understanding global inequality today?

Which of the following statements concerning the effects of happiness is not true? select the best answer from the choices provided feelings of happiness generally lead individuals to demonstrate less care toward others. happy individuals are generally more playful than individuals who are not. research has linked levels of happiness to increases in creative problem solving. happiness, along with love, has been found to provoke prosocial behaviors.

Ineed an answer for this one (number 8)

Results of concept rating for new wine cooler rating of the appeal of the phrase as it relates to the new wine cooler total sample gender age male female 21 - 24 25 -34 35-49 extremely appealing (5) 151 68 83 48 63 40 somewhat appealing (4) 91 51 40 36 32 23 neither appealing nor not appealing (3) 36 21 15 9 16 11 somewhat unappealing (2) 13 7 6 4 6 3 not at all appealing (1) 9 3 6 4 3 2 quantity purchased per person in 4 weeks # of 6-packs purchased x # people who purchased 0 7 1 6 2 6 3 13 4 14 5 12 6 10 7 5 8 5 9 5 10 2 drinking temperature sample # temperature 1 52 2 46 3 50 4 42 5 52 6 50 7 39 8 44 9 49 10 39 11 47 12 46 13 43 14 52 15 49 16 47 17 49 18 52 19 50 20 47 21 49 22 38 23 57 24 49 25 49 26 57 27 45 28 58 29 54 30 44 what is the probability that a randomly selected 21 to 49 year old consumer is a males who gives the phrase a rating of 4?