Refer to the passage. Groups like ours are potentially very dangerous to the political process. We could be a menace, yes. Ten independent expenditure groups, for example, could amass this great amount of money and defeat the point of accountability in politics. We could say whatever we want about an opponent of a Senator Smith and the senator wouldn't have to say anything. A group like ours could lie through its teeth and the candidate it helps stays clean.

–John Terry Dolan, New Right activist and founder of NCPAC, discussing PACs
Quoted in "The New Right Brigade,” Washington Post,
Myra MacPherson,
August 10, 1980

Which of the following effects might PACs have on a political campaign?

Candidates using PACs are less likely to be respectful of other candidates.
Candidates using PACs are more likely to fund themselves than to take assistance from PACs.
Candidates using PACs are less likely to be accountable for honesty on issues of campaign finance.
Candidates using PACs are more likely to undergo scrutiny and criticism by election-supervisory organizations.