Which of the following most directly caused a disruption the land-based trade of the Safavid empire during the period circa 1500 - 1/50 ?

Prioritizing is the answer

Horizontal asymptote at  tells us that the original graph has been translated down.since  ,  are positive.  also we can say that the point  has a smaller  -coordinate than  .this means that the  transformed exponential function is increasing as it goes to the right. as it goes from  to , the value of the exponential function increases. it goes from to something bigger, . therefore, as  . the left hand would be the side that approaches the horizontal asymptote.so the answer is d

Iwould say either b or ci could be wrong let me know