3. Kelly, Noah, and Leon are studying for a history final. Kelly finds history boring, and has a hard time engaging with the material while studying. Noah is very anxious about the exam and
is too distracted by his anxiety to focus on studying. Leon has found the history class
challenging but enjoyable, and is concerned about getting a good grade on the final exam but is
not as anxious as Noah. Kelly and Noah both get Ds on the exam. Leon gets an A. What theory
of motivation best explains why these three friends scored differently?
A.
B
C.
D
drive-reduction model of motivation
evolutionary model of motivation
optimal-arousal model of motivation
hierarchical model of motivation