Are closed-ended "yes/no," or open-ended questions generally more effective?

On a certain portion of an experiment, a statistical test result yielded a p-value of 0.18. what can you conclude? 2(0.18) = 0.36 < 0.5; the test is not statistically significant. if the null hypothesis is true, one could expect to get a test statistic at least as extreme as that observed 18% of the time, so the test is not statistically significant. if the null hypothesis is true, one could expect to get a test statistic at least as extreme as that observed 82% of the time, so the test is not statistically significant. 0.18 > 0.05; the test is statistically significant. p = 1 - 0.18 = 0.82 > 0.05; the test is statistically significant.

Which statements describe continental crust? select the three correct answers. a-it is formed in all parts of the continents. b-it is made mostly of volcanic rock. c-it is destroyed by melting near the top of the mantle. d-it is less than 10 km thick. e-its ages ranges from very young to more than 4 billion years old.

Pleas give me brief explanation about deterministic model in advanced hydrology