Identify a country in Africa that had a civil war after 1945, and explain one centrifugal force that caused the conflict

An African country that had a civil war after 1945 is Rwanda.

Explanation:

The Rwandan Civil War was fought from 1990 to 1994.  It faced Rwanda’s two largest ethnic groups, the Tutsis and the Hutus. The roots of the conflict were in the Belgian colonial period, when the Belgians favored the Tutsis, who were richer and better educated than the Hutus. However, the Hutus were the majority in Rwanda and took power in the civil war that took place between 1959 and 1961. Rwanda gained independence after the Civil War on July 1, 1962. As a result of the Civil War, many Tutsis fled to Uganda, where they lived for the next thirty years.  

In 1990, a rebel group from the Rwandan Patriotic Front infiltrated from Uganda into Rwanda. The aim of the group was to take control of Rwanda. Rwanda’s Hutu-led government had other problems: the country was heavily indebted and the government had difficulty feeding the people. Because of these problems and the invasion of the Patriotic Front, the Hutu government handed over some of its power to the Tutsis through the Arusha Peace Treaty in August 1993.

However, Rwandan President Juvenal Habyarimana slowed down the implementation of the Arusha Peace Agreement. Due to the slowdown, tensions rose again and as a result, some of the seats in the government were handed over to the Tutsis. In April 1994, Habyarimana attended a conference in Tanzania to discuss the Hutu-Tutsi problem in Rwanda. On the way back from the conference, Habyarimana's plane exploded and Habyarimana and Burundian Hutu president Cyprien Ntaryamira died. The suspicious explosion was immediately blamed on the Tutsi Patriotic Front, when in reality behind the explosion were hard-line Hutus. The plane crash triggered a 14-week genocide in Rwanda, during which about 800,000 people were killed by the Rwandan Hutu-led army and Hutu death squads. The dead were mostly Tutsis, but moderate Hutus were also killed in the genocide. As a result of the genocide, more than three million Hutus fled Rwanda for fear of retaliation by the Tutsis. Despite the genocide, the Tutsi patriotic front defeated the Hutu-led Rwandan army and the Arusha Peace Agreement was implemented in July 1994.

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