This discussion regarding the hicrarchy of men of leisure hints towards the development of which of the
following?
a. The growth of the middle class of white collar workers that were tied to now industries
b. The growth of the government bureaucracy that was tied to the spoils system
The growth of the political machines in the large cities
d. The increasing number of robber barons that were creating more monopolies

the answer to the question is punishment. or more specifically, positive punishment.

positive punishment occurs when a behavior is given a negative consequence for the individual doing the behavior.

sara no longer wants to ask questions (the behavior) because she is ridiculed by mr. smith (the punishment).

reinforcement is inaccurate because reinforcement always gives positive consequences for the individual doing the behavior, be it by introducing a pleasant consequence or removing an unpleasant one.