The valve seat performs two functions: it provides a seal for the valve in the combustion chamber, and it provides a cool surface to carry heat away from the valve. most valves use a seating angle.

In a speech before the american society of newspaper editors (april 16, 1953), president eisenhower stated: "every gun that is made, every warship launched, every rocket fired signifies, in the final sense, a theft from those who hunger and are not fed, those who are cold and not clothed. this world in arms is not spending money alone. it is spending the sweat of its laborers, the genius of its scientists, the hopes of its children. this is not a way of life at all in any true sense. under the cloud of threatening war, it is humanity hanging from a cross of iron." do you agree or disagree?